A clipper originates when warm, moist winds from the
Pacific Ocean come into contact with the mountains in the provinces of
British Columbia and then Alberta. The air travels down the
lee side of the mountains, often forming a
chinook in Alberta, then develops into a storm over the Canadian prairies when it becomes entangled with the cold
air mass that normally occupies the region in winter. The storm then slides southward and gets caught up in the jet stream, sending the storm barreling into central and eastern areas of North America.
The storms sweep in at high speed over whatever land they encounter, usually bringing with them sharp cold fronts and drastically lower temperatures. It is not uncommon for an Alberta clipper to cause temperatures to drop by 16 °C (30 °F) in as little as 10 to 12 hours. Often, the storms bring biting winds with them, only increasing the effect of the lower temperatures. Winds in advance of and during an Alberta clipper are frequently as high as 56 to 72 km/h (35 to 45 mph). These conditions would cause
wind chill values to drop into the -30 to -45 Celsius (-20 to -50 Fahrenheit) range. And one-three inches of snow